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Muscle NMJ Nerve Spinal Ataxia Antibody & Biopsy Patient Information

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Images & Illustrations

Figure index   Pathology   Illustrations Differential diagnosis   Muscle biopsy   Nerve biopsy   NMJ General   Muscle biopsy     Stains   Nerve biopsy Neuropathology   Schmidt Website	Myotendinous Junctions
	VvG Stain	Perlecan Stain

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Pathology images: Muscle, Hereditary Myopathy & Nerve

Muscle General   Differential Dx   Fiber types   Stains   Unknowns Normal   Extraocular   Limb   Trunk   Spindles   Vessels     Large     Capillaries     Fetal Life changes   Aging   Exercise   Fetal NMJ   Distal motor axons   Normal     Esterase stain     Ultrastructure   Myasthenia Gravis   Terminal axons   Presynaptic     Botulinum toxin   Postsynaptic Muscle Fiber Δ   Aggregates     AVSF     Cytoplasmic bodies     IM-VAMP     Myofibrillar     Myotilin     Polyglucosan     Reducing bodies     Rods     Targets     Tubular   Architecture   Atrophy or Small     Early     Difuse; Severe     Perifascicular     Type: 1; 2   Calcification   Focal invasion   Necrosis     Differential Diagnoses     Ethanol     Rhabdomyolysis     Statin toxicity   NMJs   Nuclei   Regeneration   Ring fibers   Types   Vacuoles   Z-band

Inflammatory & Immune Differential Dx   Antibody-related     AQP4     EJ     HMGCR     Jo-1     Ku     MDA5     Mi-2     NXP-2     OJ     PL-12     Signal recognition particle     TIF1-γ     u1-RNP   Brachio-Cervical (BCIM)   Capillaries     Diseases     Features     Pipestem   Checkpoint inhibitors   Chondroitin sulfate C Δ   Complement deposition   Decorin (BJ) antibody   Dermatomyopathies (DM)     DM-VP (Child + Adult)     Adult-onset       DM       GvHD       IMPP       Paucimyopathic       RIIM       Systemic Sclerosis     Skin pathology   Ectopic Lymphoid structures   Eosinophils   Fasciitis   Focal myositis   Graft vs Host   Granulomas   Histiocytes: Foci & Cells     Cryptococcus     Giant Cell     Granulomas     IMAM     IRIS     LHIM (Myophagy)     Myofasciitis (MMF)     Sarcoid     Ultrastructure   Immune reconstitution (IRIS)   IMPP     General     Jo-1     HMGCR     Enterovirus   IM-VAMP (IBM)     Inclusion Body Myositis     PM + Mitochondrial Δ   Inflammation     Cell patterns     Macrophage & Cell types     Muscle   IPEX   IRIS   LHIM   Lupus   Megaconial   MHC-1   Myasthenia Gravis   Necrosis   Neonatal perifascicular   Nodular myositis   Orbital myositis   Perimysial pathology   Regional ischemic (RIIM)   Sarcoid   Scleromyxedema   SLONM   SRP   Systemic Sclerosis   TNFα inhibitors   TRAPs

Myopathy: Other   Autophagy     Cytoplasmic     Secretory   Calcification   Calciphylaxis   Cushing's   Cylindrical Spirals   Eye     Normal     Dysthyroid     Orbital Myositis     PEO   Hemosiderin   Infection-Related     BACM     Cryptococcus     Enterovirus     HIV       AZT       IM-VAMP       IRIS       Vasculitis     Pyomyositis     Trichinellosis   Lymphoma, IV   Myosin Loss   Posterior neck   Toxic     Colchicine     Ethanol     Hydroxychloroquine     Myosin-loss     Statin

Myopathy: Hereditary
Congenital   Deglycosylation Δ   Fiber type disorders     Type I small       ACTA1     Type II small   Myopathy     Cap     Central core     Centronuclear     Multicore     Nemaline rod       ACTA1       RYR3     SEPN1     Reducing body     Titin   Muscular dystrophy     Fukuyama     FKRP     Lamin A/C     Laminin-α2     Ullrich   Other     Marinesco-Sjögren     Myhre	Storage & Aggregates   Amyloid     Pathology     Birefringence   Batten   CADASIL   Carbohydrate     Acid Maltase       Early Childhood       Adolescent or Adult     Debrancher (GSD3)     PGAM2 (GSD 10)     Phosphorylase   Cytoplasmic bodies   Cystinosis   Lipid     ETFDH     PNPLA2   Lipofuscin   Myofibrillar     Desmin     ZASP   RFC4   Sarcoplasmic Pads   Titin     Recessive     Multi-/Minicore   Vacuoles   XMEA   Z-Disk streaming	Dystrophy+   Autophagy   AVSF   Cytoplasmic body   Danon disease   Dystrophinopathy     Becker MD     Duchenne MD   Emery-Dreifuss     Emerin     FHL1   Facioscapulohumeral   FHL1     Reducing body     ED   hIBM & Vacuoles     Multisystem (MSP)       1. VCP       3. HNRNPA2B1       4. SQSTM1-TIA1       5. MATR3     IBM 2 (GNE)     IBM 3 (MYH2)     Myopathy   LGMD 1     1A: Myotilin     1D: DNAJB6     1E: Desmin   LGMD 2     2A: Calpain-3     2B: Dysferlin     2C: γ-Sarcoglycan     2D: α-Sarcoglycan     2I: FKRP     2L: ANO5     2M: Fukutin     2T: GMPPB   Multicore/Minicore   MYH7   Myopathic groups   Myotonia     Congenita (Thomsen)     DM1     DM2   Oculopharyngeal   Periodic paralysis     Hypokalemic   Plectin (JEB)   Salla   Tubular aggregates   Welander	Mitochondria   General features   AZT   CFC1   Coenzyme Q10 Δ   COX deficient   ETFDH   IM-VAMP     IBM     P-COX   Kearns-Sayre   LONP1   Megaconial   MICU1   MTTL1     MELAS (A3243G)       Brain       Muscle     Encephalomyopathy       (A3251G)   MNGIE   PEO     Dominant     Sporadic     Other     EOM muscle   SURF1   Ultrastructure

Neuropathy & Neuronopathy Differential diagnoses   Amyloid   Anatomy     Nerve: Normal     Perineurium     Renaut bodies     Skin     Terminal sprouting     Vessels       Endoneurial       Epineurial   Axons     General features     Loss       Large       Differential fascicular     Myelinated     Neurofilaments     Neuroma     Regeneration     Swellings       Polyglucosan bodies     Teased     Unmyelinated       Normal       Beaded       Singletons     vs Schwann cells/Myelin     Wallerian degeneration   Hereditary     ACOX1     Batten     CADASIL: Vessels     Giant axonal PN     RFC1     Minifascicles   Immune     Acute immune (GBS)     Antibody-related       GD1b (CANOMAD)       MAG       TS-HDS     Graft vs Host     HIEM     ICI     Perineuritis     Subperineurial edema     Vasculitis   Neoplasm     Angiotropic Lymphoma     LHN - N/S HNST     Neurofibroma     Neurolymphomatosis     Perineurioma     Schwannoma   Infection     Leprosy     Tabes dorsalis     Zoster radiculopathy   Muscle Denervation     ALS     Chronic denervation       Fiber type groups       Grouped atrophy         Large           Child (SMA)           Adult         Small         ALS       Nuclear clumps     Endstage     Ongoing       Denervation-Reinnervation       Target fibers     Partial     Spinal muscular atrophy         AAA         Bulbospinal         SMA 5q         SMA-LED         TRPV4 Myelin & Schwann cells     Axon loss       No Büngner bands       Büngner bands       Collagen pockets     CIDP       Adult       Childhood       Relapsing, Severe       Sensory       Sub-acute onset     Hereditary       Batten       CMT 1A       CMT 4B1       Dysmyelination (MLD)       HNPP       LCCS11 (GLDN)   Schwann Cells     Normal: Proteins       Diagram       Myelinating SC         Non-myelinating SC       Schwann cells vs Axons     Autophagic       Axon loss       Demyelinating disorders     Büngner bands     Pi granules     Myelin Pathology       Active       AIDP       Bulbs         Basal lamina (BLOBs)         Collagen (COBs)         Onion (OBs)         Schwann cell (SCOBs)         Pseudo-Onion (PsOBs)         Perineurioma       Demyelination         Chronic       Dysmyelination       Focal, Persistent       Folding         CMT 4B1         HNPP         Tomaculae       Hypomyelination       Macrophage-mediated       MAG (Wide spaced myelin)       Neurofascin (Redundant myelin)       Onion bulbs       Patterns         Molecular         Pathology       POEMS (Uncompacted myelin)       Pseudo-Onion bulbs       Tomaculae       Uncompacted Myelin       Vesicular       vs Axons   Toxins     Botulism     DMAPN     Ipilimumab   Vessels     Vessel: Thick wall     Small vessel       C5b-9       Endoneurial microvessels       Hemosiderin       HIEM     Vasculitis       Behçet       Cryoglobulin/Rheumatoid       Eosinophilic       Features       General pathology       Granulomatous       HIV       Large vessel       NSVN       pANCA

Credits
  Histochemical stains performed by Jim Planer, Robyn Reese, Ruma Banerjee, Dongmei Jia
  Immunocytochemical stains performed by Jin Yue, Shobna Mehta, Rati Choksi, Julia Sim, Kristina Schwab

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Illustrations

Cells   Constituents & Pathways   Acetylcholine receptors     AChR antibody actions   Botulinum toxin   Dystrophin & DAGs   Fatty acid transport   Glycogen & Glucose   Glycolipids   Ion channels     Ca++; Na+; K+   Lysosomal pathway   Mitochondrial   Motor neuron     Upper & Lower   Myelin     Proteins     Structure       Cross-section       Longitudinal   Myogenesis   Neuromuscular junction   Spliceosome     Function & Mechanism   Tendon reflex arcs   Ubiquitin-Proteasome   Vitamins

Muscle fiber   Excitation-Contraction Coupling   Myosin & related proteins   Structure & contraction Autonomic   Pathways Cranial nerve anatomy   Visual fields   3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Antibodies   ANA patterns   Anti-neural (cerebellum) Disease pathophysiology   DNA: CTG repeats   DM1 locus   FSH DNA   Myasthenia gravis

Electrophysiology   A-wave   Complex repetitive discharges   Conduction Block: Motor   Denervation of muscle     Partial     Fibrillations     Motor unit: Rapid firing   Demyelinating neuropathy   F-waves   Myasthenia gravis   Myasthenic syndrome   Myokymia   Myopathy   Myosin loss   Myotonia   Palmaris brevis spasm   Positive sharp waves   Prolonged distal latency   Pseudofacilitation   Repetitive response to stimulus   Stiffman syndrome   Temporal dispersion   Tetany

MRI & Imaging   ALS   AVM   Behcet   Bent spine syndrome   Calcinosis   Cerebellitis   CMT-X1   Corpus callosum: Thin   Dystrophinopathy     Female carrier   Focal myositis   Hematoma (Psoas)   HIBM2   Heroin myelopathy   Muscle MRI   Nephrogenic fibrosis   Patterns   Posterior neck myopathy   SACS   Superficial siderosis   Syringomyelia   Thymoma

Patient pictures   Acromegaly   Addison's disease   Aging   AMAN   Ankylosing spondylitis   Becker dystrophy: Legs   Bethlem myopathy: Hands   Bulbo-Spinal Muscular Atrophy   BVVL   Calcinosis   Cleidocranial dysplasia   CMT-X1   Congenital muscular dystrophy   Congenital myasthenia gravis   Duchenne MD   FSH dystrophy   Giant axonal neuropathy   Hereditary sensory neuropathy   HIBM + Dementia & Pagets   King-Denborough Syndrome   Muscle wasting   Myasthenia gravis     Ocular     Ptosis   Myxedema   Myositis     Dermatomyositis       Hands; Patient; Rash     Inclusion body myositis     Pyomyositis (MRI)   Papilledema   Polio   Skin pathology   SMA 5q: A; B   Tongue     ALS     Hypoglossal nerve lesion

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4/19/2025