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Figure index
  Pathology
  Illustrations

Differential diagnosis
  Muscle biopsy
  Nerve biopsy
  NMJ

General
  Muscle biopsy
    Stains
  Nerve biopsy

Myotendinous Junction

Perlecan at a Myotendinous Junction


Pathology images: Muscle & Nerve

Muscle
General
  Differential Dx
  Stains
  Unknowns
Normal
  Extraocular
  Limb
  Trunk
  Spindles
  Vessels
    Large
    Capillaries
    Fetal
Life changes
  Aging
  Exercise
  Fetal
Fiber pathology
  Aggregates
    AVSF
    IM-VAMP
    Myofibrillar
    Myotilin
    Polyglucosan
    Reducing bodies
    Rods
    Targets
    Tubular
    Z-band proteins
      Rods
      Cytoplasmic bodies
  Architecture
  Atrophy or Small
    Early
    Difuse; Severe
    Perifascicular
    Type: 1; 2
  Calcification
  Focal invasion
  Necrosis
    Differential Diagnoses
    Ethanol
    Rhabdomyolysis
    Statin toxicity
  NMJs
  Nuclei
  Regeneration
  Ring fibers
  Types
  Z-band
NMJ
  Distal motor axons
  Normal
  Myasthenia Gravis
  Terminal axons
  Presynaptic
    Botulinum toxin
  Postsynaptic
Myopathy +
  Antibody-related
    AQP4
    EJ
    HMGCR
    Jo-1
    MDA5
    NXP-2
    OJ
    PL-12
    Signal recognition particle
    TIF1-γ
    u1-RNP
  Brachio-Cervical (BCIM)
  Capillaries
    Diseases
    Features
    Pipestem
  Chondroitin sulfate C Δ
  Complement deposition
  Decorin (BJ) antibody
  Dermatomyopathies (DM)
    DM-VP (Child + Adult)
    Adult-onset
      DM
      GvHD
      IMPP
      Paucimyopathic
      RIIM
      Systemic Sclerosis
  Ectopic Lymphoid structures
  Eosinophils
  Fasciitis
  Focal myositis
  Graft vs Host
  Granulomas
  Histiocytes: Foci & Cells
    Cryptococcus
    Giant Cell
    Granulomas
    IMAM
    IRIS
    LHIM (Myophagy)
    Myofasciitis (MMF)
    Sarcoid
    Ultrastructure
  Immune reconstitution (IRIS)
  IMPP
    General
    Jo-1
    HMGCR
    Enterovirus
  IM-VAMP (IBM)
    Inclusion Body Myositis
    IM + Mitochondrial Δ
  Inflammation
    Cell patterns
    Macrophage & Cell types
    Muscle
  IPEX
  IRIS
  LHIM
  MHC-1
  Myasthenia Gravis
  Neonatal perifascicular
  Nodular myositis
  Orbital myositis
  Perimysial pathology
  Regional ischemic (RIIM)
  Sarcoid
  Scleromyxedema
  SRP
  Systemic Sclerosis
  TNFα inhibitors
  TRAPs

Mitochondria
  General features
  AZT
  CFC1
  Coenzyme Q10 Δ
  COX deficient
  ETFDH
  IM-VAMP
    IBM
    P-COX
  Kearns-Sayre
  Megaconial
  MTTL1
    MELAS
      (A3243G)
      Brain
      Muscle
    Encephalomyopathy
      (A3251G)
  MNGIE
  PEO
    Dominant
    Sporadic
    Other
    EOM muscle
  SURF1
  Ultrastructure

Myopathy: Other
  Calcification
  Calciphylaxis
  Cushing's
  Cylindrical Spirals
  Eye
    Normal
    Dysthyroid
    Orbital Myositis
    PEO
  Hemosiderin
  Infection-Related
    BACM
    Cryptococcus
    Enterovirus
    HIV
      AZT
      IM-VAMP
      IRIS
      Vasculitis
    Trichinellosis
  Lymphoma, IV
  Myosin Loss
  Posterior neck
  SLONM
  Toxic
    Colchicine
    Ethanol
    Hydroxychloroquine
    Myosin-loss
    Statin
Myopathy: Hereditary
Congenital
  Deglycosylation Δ
  Fiber type disorders
    Type I small
      ACTA1
    Type II small
  Myopathy
    Cap
    Central core
    Centronuclear
    Multicore
    Nemaline rod
      ACTA1
      RYR3
    Reducing body
    Titin
  Muscular dystrophy
    Fukuyama
    FKRP
    Lamin A/C
    Laminin-α2
    Ullrich
  Other
    Marinesco-Sjögren
    Myhre

Storage & Aggregates
  Amyloid
    Pathology
    Birefringence
  Batten
  CADASIL
  Carbohydrate
    Acid Maltase
      Early Childhood
      Adolescent or Adult
    Debrancher (GSD3)
    PGAM2 (GSD 10)
    Phosphorylase
  Cytoplasmic bodies
  Cystinosis
  Lipid
    ETFDH
    PNPLA2
  Lipofuscin
  Myofibrillar
    Desmin
  Sarcoplasmic Pads
    ZASP
  Titin
    Dominant
    Multi-/Minicore
  XMEA
  Z-Disk streaming
Dystrophy+
  Autophagy
  AVSF
  Cytoplasmic body
  Danon disease
  Dystrophinopathy
    Becker MD
    Duchenne MD
  Emery-Dreifuss
    Emerin
    FHL1
  Facioscapulohumeral
  FHL1
    Reducing body
    ED
  hIBM & Vacuoles
    Multisystem (MSP)
      1. VCP
      3. HNRNPA2B1
      4. SQSTM1
      5. MATR3
    IBM 2 (GNE)
    IBM 3 (MYH2)
    Myopathy
  LGMD 1
    1A: Myotilin
    1D: DNAJB6
    1E: Desmin
  LGMD 2
    2A: Calpain-3
    2B: Dysferlin
    2C: γ-Sarcoglycan
    2D: α-Sarcoglycan
    2I: FKRP
    2L: ANO5
    2M: Fukutin
    2T: GMPPB
  Multicore/Minicore
  MYH7
  Myopathic groups
  Myotonia
    Congenita (Thomsen)
    DM1
    DM2
  Oculopharyngeal
  Periodic paralysis
    Hypokalemic
  Plectin (JEB)
  Tubular aggregates
Neuropathy & Neuronopathy

Differential diagnoses
  Amyloid
  Anatomy
    Nerve: Normal
    Skin
    Terminal sprouting
    Vessels
      Endoneurial
      Epineurial
  Axons
    Beaded
    General features
    Hereditary
      ACOX1
      CADASIL: Vessels
      Giant axonal PN
      RFC1
    Loss
      Large
      Differential fascicular
    Minifascicles
    Neurofilaments
    Neuroma
    Regeneration
    Swellings
      Polyglucosan bodies
    Teased
    Unmyelinated
    vs Schwann cells/Myelin
    Wallerian degeneration
  Immune
    Acute immune (GBS)
    Antibody-related
      GD1b
      MAG
      TS-HDS
    Graft vs Host
    Perineuritis
    Subperineurial edema
  Vessels
    Vessel: Thick wall
    Small vessel
      C5b-9
      Endoneurial microvessels
      Hemosiderin
      HIEM
    Large vessel
    NSVN
    Vasculitis
      Behçet
      Eosinophilic
      Features
      General pathology
      Granulomatous
      HIV
      pANCA
      Rheumatoid
  Neoplasm
    Angiotropic Lymphoma
    LHN - N/S HNST
    Neurolymphomatosis
    Perineurioma
  Infection
    Leprosy
    Zoster radiculopathy
  Muscle Denervation
    ALS
    Chronic denervation
      Fiber type groups
      Grouped atrophy
        Large
          Child (SMA)
          Adult
        Small
        ALS
      Nuclear clumps
    Endstage
    Ongoing
      Denervation-Reinnervation
      Target fibers
    Partial
    Spinal muscular atrophy
        Bulbospinal
        SMA 5q
        SMA-LED
        TRPV4
  Myelin & Schwann cells
    Axon loss, No Büngner bands
    Bungner bands
    CIDP
      Adult
      Childhood
      Relapsing, Severe
      Sensory
      Sub-acute onset
    Demyelination
      Active
      AIDP
      BLOBs
      Chronic
      Focal, Persistent
      Macrophage-mediated
      MAG
      Onion bulbs
      Tomaculae
    Hereditary
      Batten
      CMT 1A
      CMT 4B1
      Dysmyelination (MLD)
      HNPP
      LCCS11 (GLDN)
    Pseudo-Onion bulbs
    Pi granules
  Normal SC: Proteins
    Myelinating SC
    Non-myelinating SC
    Diagram
  Perineurium
  Renaut bodies
  Tabes dorsalis
  vs Axons
Toxins
  Botulism
  DMAPN
  Ipilimumab

Credits
  Histochemical stains performed by Jim Planer, Robyn Reese, or Ruma Banerjee
  Immunocytochemical stains performed by Jin Yue, Shobna Mehta, Rati Choksi, Julia Sim


Illustrations

Cells
  Constituents & Pathways

  Acetylcholine receptors
    AChR antibody actions
  Botulinum toxin
  Dystrophin & DAGs
  Fatty acid transport
  Glycogen & Glucose
  Glycolipids
  Ion channels
    Ca++; Na+; K+
  Lysosomal pathway
  Mitochondrial
  Motor neuron
    Upper & Lower
  Myelin
    Proteins
    Structure
      Cross-section
      Longitudinal
  Myogenesis
  Neuromuscular junction
  Spliceosome
    Function & Mechanism
  Tendon reflex arcs
  Ubiquitin-Proteasome
  Vitamins
Muscle fiber
  Excitation-Contraction Coupling
  Myosin & related proteins
  Structure & contraction

Autonomic
  Pathways

Cranial nerve anatomy
  Visual fields
  3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

Antibodies
  ANA patterns
  Anti-neural (cerebellum)

Disease pathophysiology
  DNA: CTG repeats
  DM1 locus
  FSH DNA
  Myasthenia gravis
Electrophysiology
  A-wave
  Complex repetitive discharges
  Conduction Block: Motor
  Denervation of muscle
    Partial
    Fibrillations
    Motor unit: Rapid firing
  Demyelinating neuropathy
  F-waves
  Myasthenia gravis
  Myasthenic syndrome
  Myokymia
  Myopathy
  Myosin loss
  Myotonia
  Palmaris brevis spasm
  Positive sharp waves
  Prolonged distal latency
  Pseudofacilitation
  Repetitive response to stimulus
  Stiffman syndrome
  Temporal dispersion
  Tetany
MRI & Imaging
  ALS
  AVM
  Behcet
  Bent spine syndrome
  Calcinosis
  Cerebellitis
  CMT-X1
  Corpus callosum: Thin
  Dystrophinopathy
    Female carrier
  Focal myositis
  Hematoma (Psoas)
  HIBM2
  Heroin myelopathy
  Muscle MRI
  Nephrogenic fibrosis
  Patterns
  Posterior neck myopathy
  SACS
  Superficial siderosis
  Syringomyelia
  Thymoma
Patient pictures
  Acromegaly
  Addison's disease
  Aging
  AMAN
  Ankylosing spondylitis
  Becker dystrophy: Legs
  Bethlem myopathy: Hands
  Bulbo-Spinal Muscular Atrophy
  BVVL
  Calcinosis
  Cleidocranial dysplasia
  CMT-X1
  Congenital muscular dystrophy
  Congenital myasthenia gravis
  Duchenne MD
  FSH dystrophy
  Giant axonal neuropathy
  Hereditary sensory neuropathy
  HIBM + Dementia & Pagets
  King-Denborough Syndrome
  Muscle wasting
  Myasthenia gravis
    Ocular
    Ptosis
  Myxedema
  Myositis
    Dermatomyositis
      Hands; Patient; Rash
    Inclusion body myositis
    Pyomyositis (MRI)
  Papilledema
  Polio
  SMA 5q: A; B
  Tongue
    ALS
    Hypoglossal nerve lesion


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11/22/2023