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ATP

Adenosine (P1) receptors
ATPase types
ATP Receptors
ATP-related Disorders
Metabolism
P2 Receptors

External link: Klotho


ATP metabolism
Precursors: ADP
Synthesizing enzymes: Phosphorylases
Metabolizing enzymes: Phosphatases
ATPases
Metabolites: ADP, AMP, Adenosine, Inosine


ATP Receptors (P2 purinoceptors) 1,2
Receptor
subtypes
AgonistsAntagonistsSecond messengerPrincipal tissue
P2X1 α-β-Me-ATP
ATP
α-β-Me-ATP
(desensitizes)
Suramin
Cation channel
Ca++ & Na+
  Influx into cell
Smooth muscle
Sensory ganglia
Cerebellum (Postsynaptic)
Heart; Platelets
P2X2 ATP > ATP-γ-S PPADS
Suramin
Cation channel
Ca++: Influx into cell
Autonomic ganglia
Brain; Pituitary
Sensory ganglia
Smooth muscle
Retina
P2X3 2-MeSATP > ATP TNP-ATP
PPADS
α-β-Me-ATP
(desensitizes)
Suramin
Ion channel Sensory ganglia
Solitary tract neurons
Sympathetic neurons
P2X4 ATP > α-β-Me-ATP . Cation channel
Ca++: Influx into cell
Brain; Pancreas
Testes; Colon
Smooth muscle
P2X5 ATP > α-β-Me-ATP PPADS
Suramin
Ion channel Heart; Gut; Bladder
Autonomic ganglia
Skin (Proliferating cells)
Thymus; Spinal cord
P2X6 No function as
  homomultimer
. Ion channel Skeletal muscle
Brain
Spinal motor neurons
Autonomic ganglia
P2X7 dBz-ATP > ATP KN62; KN04
Coomassie
  brilliant blue
Cation channel
Large pore with
  prolonged activation
Apoptotic cells
  Macrophages
  Lymphocytes
  Microglia
  Skin
P2Y1 2-Me-S-ADP >
  2-Me-S-ATP
MRS2279
MRS2179
Gq/Gn
PLC-β activation
Muscle: NMJs
Epithelium; Endothelium
Immune cells; Platelets
Osteoclasts
P2Y2 UTP = ADP Suramin Gq/Gn; ?Gi
PLC-β activation
Epithelium; Endothelium
Immune cells; Kidney
Osteoclasts
P2Y4 UTP > ADP RB2; PPADS Gq/Gn; ?Gi
PLC-β activation
Endothelial cells
P2Y6 UTP > ADP RB2; PPADS
Suramin
Gq/Gn
PLC-β activation
Epithelial cells; Thymus
T-cells; Placenta
P2Y11 ARC67085MX
  > BzATP
RB2; Suramin Gq/Gn & Gs
PLC-β activation
Spleen; Intestine
Granulocytes
P2Y12 ADP ARC67085MX
ARC69931MX
Gi
Adenylyl cyclase
  inhibiton
Platelets
P2T (platelet) ADP
2-methylthioADP
ATP
ARL67085
Negative: cAMP,
­ cation conductance
P2Z (mast cell) ATP4- none ?
P2U UTP none PI; Ca++;
G-protein

PPADS: Pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2'4'-disulfonic acid


P2 receptors

P2X purinoreceptors

P2RX1 P2RX2 P2RX3 P2RX4 P2RX5 P2RX6
Brain-+---+
Spinal cord++-+++
Sensory ganglia++++++
Superior cervical ganglion++-+-+
Adrenal medulla-+----
Smooth muscle+-----



ATPase Types

Adenine nucleotide translocators


ATP Disorders


Adenosine (P1) Receptors 2
Receptor
subtypes
AgonistsAntagonistsSecond messengerPrincipal tissue
A1 CCPA; CPA DPCPX; CPX; XAC Gi (1-3): Reduced cAMP Brain; Spinal cord
Testes; Heart
Autonomic nerve terminals
A2A CGS21680 KF17837; SCH58261 Gs: Increased cAMP Brain; Heart
Lungs; Spleen
A2B NECA Enprofylline Gs: Increased cAMP Large intestine
Bladder
A3 IB-MECA
DBX RM
MRS1220; L268605 Gi, Go/n:
  Reduced cAMP
  Increased Ins(1,4,5)P3
Lung, Liver
Brain, Testes
Heart

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References
1. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 1997;7:346-357
2. Trends Pharm Sci 2001;22:182-188
3. Neurology 2009;72:1016-1020
4. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009 Aug 12
5. Sci Adv 2021 Mar 24;7(13)
6. Neurology 2022 Jul 18, Front Neurol 2022 Jul 26;13:924788
7. Genet Med 2023 Sep 4

9/8/2023