Glycine

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GLYCINE

Transmitter
Precursors:		None
Synthesizing enzymes:		None
Metabolising enzymes:		None (uptake is more important)
Metabolite:		None
Receptors
Receptor subtypes	Agonists	Antagonists	Second messenger
Glycine: Subunits 1 ; 2 ; ß	Glycine	Strychnine	Increased Cl^- conductance; Produces membrane hyperpolarization
Modulation site on NMDA receptor	Glycine	7-chloro-kynurenate	n/a

Glycine encephalopathy (Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia) & Spastic ataxia
- Aminomethyltransferase (AMT)
- Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC)
- Glycine cleavage system H protein (GCSH)
- Glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5)
Encephalopathies
- BOLA3: Infantile encephalopathy with multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions 2 (MMDS2)
- SUCLG1: Severe neonatal lactic acidosis with mtDNA depletion (MTDPS9)
- HIRIP5: Infantile encephalopathy with multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions 1 (MMDS1)
- Lipoic acid synthase (LIAS): Epilepsy & Hypotonia, Neonatal
- Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) deficiency
Sideroblastic anemia
- Glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5)
- SLC25A38 (Glycine transporter)
Glycine receptor disorders
- Hyperekplexia (Startle disease)
  ● Glycine receptor α-1 subunit (strychnine binding) ; Chromosome 5q33-q35; Dominant or Recessive
  - Same mutation in Spasmodic mouse
  ● Glycine receptor β subunit ; Chromosome 4q31.3; Sporadic or Recessive
  - Also: Spastic mouse
- Toxins
  - Picrotoxin: Non-competitive antagonist of glycine-activated Cl^- channel
  - Strychnine: Competitive antagonist of glycine-gated Cl^- channel